What is R-Value and why does it matter in Canada?

R-value measures thermal resistance. The higher the number, the better the insulation performs. In Canada, choosing the right R-value is strictly tied to your Climate Zone (Zones 4–8). A home in Edmonton (Zone 7) requires a much higher R-value in the attic (often R-60) than a home in Windsor (Zone 4) to maintain energy efficiency and comfort.

How do I know if my older Canadian house needs more insulation?

Common signs include high energy bills, drafty rooms, and uneven temperatures throughout the house. In winter, look for ice dams on your roof or interior walls that feel cold to the touch. If you can see your floor joists in the attic, you likely need a "top-up."

How do provincial requirements for exterior walls differ across Canada?

Most provinces, including Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta, require a minimum of R-22 for above-ground framed walls. However, in British Columbia, targets can reach R-24 depending on the climate zone. For northern territories like the Yukon or Nunavut, exterior wall requirements are higher, typically ranging from R-22 to R-28 to combat extreme cold.

What are the specific attic R-value requirements for different Canadian provinces?

Minimum requirements vary by local building codes and climate. In Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, the standard for ceilings below attics is R-60. Ontario also targets R-50 to R-60 depending on the specific SB-12 compliance package used for the build. British Columbia requirements range from R-50 to R-60, though this can increase significantly under the BC Energy Step Code guidelines.

How does spray foam insulation work for sealing gaps?

Unlike traditional materials, spray foam expands upon application to fill irregular crevices and small cracks. This creates an airtight and moisture-resistant seal, which is more effective at stopping drafts and preventing pests from entering than batts alone.

What is the difference between fibreglass and cellulose insulation?

Fibreglass is made of fine glass fibres and is available in batts or loose-fill; it is naturally fire-resistant and budget-friendly. Cellulose is made from recycled paper treated with fire retardants; it often has a higher R-value per inch than fibreglass and is better at filling tight gaps when blown in.

Where are the most important spots to add insulation in a house?

The attic is the most critical area because heat rises and escapes through the roof, especially during cold Canadian winters. Other high-priority spots include exterior walls, basement foundation walls, and the "rim joists" where the house frame meets the foundation.

Blown-in insulation vs. batts for walls—which is better?

For existing finished walls, blown-in is better because it can be installed through small holes without removing drywall. For new construction or "open-wall" renovations, batts are often preferred because they are easier to install manually between studs.

Is it better to DIY my attic insulation or hire someone?

Many homeowners DIY attic insulation by renting a blower. However, you should hire a professional if your attic has existing mold, moisture issues, or old "knob-and-tube" wiring, as these require specialized safety handling in Canada.

What is the top-rated insulation for cathedral ceilings?

High-density mineral wool batts (like Rockwool) or rigid foam boards (XPS) are top-rated for cathedral ceilings. These provide maximum R-value in the limited space available between the roof deck and the ceiling.

Where can I rent a cellulose insulation blower in Canada?

You can rent these at Home Depot Tool Rental centres in your province. Note: The rental is often free for 24 hours if you purchase a minimum number of insulation bags (usually 10+).

Is "more" insulation always better?

While a higher R-value is generally better, you should never compress insulation to fit more into a small space. Compressing a 6-inch batt into a 4-inch cavity actually reduces its R-value because you are squeezing out the trapped air pockets that do the actual insulating work.

Types of Insulation & R-Value Insulation Chart

A man adds blow-in insulation to an attic.

When insulating in Canada, building codes range from the mild BC coast to the Maritime provinces, so your R-value (heat flow resistance) is the number to watch. NAIMA Canada (North American Insulation Manufacturers Association) provides recommendations that align with or exceed the National Building Code of Canada, adjusted for specific climate zones. Because Canada is divided into zones (Zone 4 to Zone 8) based on "Heating Degree Days," the recommended R-value varies by how cold your specific region is.

In provinces like Ontario and Alberta, aim for R-60 in the attic to stop heat from rising out. For exterior walls, target R-22 to R-24, often using a mix of batts and rigid foam to stop "thermal bridging" through studs. In the basement, R-20 is the standard for blocking the ground’s chill.
For materials, fibreglass batts are budget-friendly, while stone wool offers superior fire and sound protection. Blown-in insulation is perfect for topping up attics without a teardown, and rigid foam provides continuous coverage for foundations. To kill drafts, spray foam is the gold standard for sealing rim joists.

Always place a vapour barrier on the warm side to prevent rot and keep soffit vents clear to avoid ice dams.

Shop All Types of Insulation

What is Insulation R-Value?

Common Types of Insulation

Calculating the Costs of Insulation

How Does Insulation Work?

Before you choose the best type of insulation, it’s important to understand how insulation protects your home from the elements.

Insulation is a thermally-resistant barrier. This means that when installed in your walls and other areas such as attics and basements, it stops the outside temperatures from penetrating into your home through your walls and roof while keeping the inside temperatures from escaping, keeping you comfortable all year round. You may want to use a higher R-value for basement insulation and attic insulation as opposed to the rest of your home.

How to Select Insulation

Determine where you need to add insulation. The most effective places in older homes are usually adding it to attics and better insulating basement walls and crawl spaces.
Determine how much additional insulation R-value you need.
Determine the type of insulation you need.
Calculate the quantity of insulation you should buy.
Choose whether you want to undergo a DIY insulation project or get insulation professionally installed.

What is Insulation R-Value?

R-value measures how well certain building insulation materials, such as foam insulation, can resist heat. The higher the R-value, the greater the performance of the insulation. Keep in mind that if insulation is compressed, the R-value will decrease.

Which R-Value is Right For Your Home?

Ensuring your insulated spaces have the correct R-Value depends on a few factors, including your province, city and zone. Different areas of your home also require different R-Values in order to make sure your floors, ceilings and walls are insulated correctly and efficiently.

Our R-value insulation chart below will tell you exactly which R-Value you’ll need in those spaces to keep your home cool in the summer, and warm in the winter across Canada.

Notes:

Thermal resistance values within these tables reflect requirements in Table 9.36.2.6.A. and Table 9.36.2.8.A. of the National Building Code.
Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the National Building Code when utilizing low permeance exterior sheathings.
Effective thermal resistance values within the tables have assumed no value for thermal resistance of air space behind a rain screen. Consult local building department to determine if there are provisions that assign R-value for these air spaces. In such cases where R-value is assigned this may decrease the R-value requirement for batt insulation.
Foam plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements of protection of foamed plastics as per 9.10.17.10 of the National Building Code of Canada.

Zone 4

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-40 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-12/14 Batt Insulation	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Zone 5

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-40 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Zone 6

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Zone 7A

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-15 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-15 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Notes:

Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the National Building Code when utilizing low permeance exterior sheathings.
Foam plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements of protection of foamed plastics as per 9.10.17.10 of the National Building Code of Canada.
Alberta will be fully under 9.36 including climatic zoning separation, by May 1st, 2016.

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-31 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-20 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-12/14 Batt Insulation	R-19/22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-15 CodeBord^®
Foundation/Basement Walls	R-8 Batt Insulation	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Notes:

Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the National Building Code when utilizing low permeance exterior sheathings.
Foam plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements of protection of foamed plastics as per 9.10.17.10 of the National Building Code of Canada.

Zone 7A/7B

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-28 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation	R-19/22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-15 CodeBord^®
Foundation/Basement Walls	R-14 or R-12 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Notes:

Thermal resistance values within this table reflects the changes made by Manitoba’s building code amendment “The Buildings and Mobile Homes Act (C.C.S.M. c. B93)” to table 9.36.2.6B of the National Building Code.
Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction.
Foam plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements of protection of foamed plastics as per 9.10.17.10 of the National Building Code of Canada.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the National Building Code when utilizing low permeance exterior sheathings.
Manitoba is currently adopting Section 9.36 of the National Building Code. Please check with your building official to ensure effective compliance.

Zone 7A/7B

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Flat Roofs	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-28 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation	R-19/22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-15 CodeBord^®
Foundation/Basement Walls	R-14 or R-12 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Notes:

Thermal resistance values within this table meets or exceeds minimum requirements within Supplementary Standard SB-12 of the 2017 Ontario Building Code when utilizing space-heating equipment with AFUE greater than or equal to 92%.
Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction to ensure conformance.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the 2017 Ontario Building Code when installing low permeance exterior sheathing.
Combustible foam plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements as per 9.10.17.10 of the 2017 Ontario Building Code.

Zone 1

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling With Attic Space	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-70 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-80 Batt or Blown Insulation
Ceiling Without Attic Space	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®
Exposed Floors	R-35 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-22 or R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Basement Walls	R-15 or R-20 Batt Insulation + Blanket Wrap	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Zone 2

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling With Attic Space	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-70 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-80 Batt or Blown Insulation
Ceiling Without Attic Space	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®
Exposed Floors	R-35 Batt Insulation	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-35 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10/15 CodeBord^®
Basement Walls	R-20 Batt Insulation + Blanket Wrap	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10/15 CodeBord^®

Notes:

Recommended thermal resistance requirements in compliance to Part 11 of the Quebec Building Code.
Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local building department before commencement of construction.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.1.2. of the Quebec Building Code when installing low permeance exterior sheathing.
plastic insulation on the interior of the building envelope must adhere to the requirements of protection of foamed plastics as per 9.10.17.10 of the Quebec Building Code.

Zone 1

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling With Attics Space	R-41 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Ceiling Without Attic Space	R-41 Batt Insulation	R-40 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-40 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Exposed Floors	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-4 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Basement Walls	R-12 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^® or 3" INSULPINK^® System	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Under Slab	R-5 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface	R-7.5 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface	R-10 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface

Zone 2

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling With Attic Space	R-51 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Ceiling Without Attic Space	R-51 Batt Insulation	R-40 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-40 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Exposed Floors	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Basement Walls	R-12 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^® or 3" INSULPINK^® System	R-14 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Under Slab	R-5 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface	R-7.5 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface	R-10 CodeBord^® Under Entire Floor Surface

Notes:

Thermal resistance values within these tables reflect requirements in Table 9.36.2.6.A. and Table 9.36.2.8.A. of the National Building Code.
Suggested best practice to validate thermal resistance value with local Building Official before commencement of construction.
Ensure inboard/outboard ratios have been satisfied as per 9.25.5.2. of the National Building Code when utilizing low permeance exterior sheathings.
To satisfy thermal resistance requirements for above grade walls the following batt insulation only options can be utilized: WITH HRV R22 and stud spacing at 24” on-centre or R24 and stud spacing at 16”on-centre / WITHOUT HRV R24 and stud spacing at 24” on-centre.
Effective thermal resistance values within the tables have assumed no value for thermal resistance of air space behind a rain screen. Consult local building official to determine if there are provisions that assign R-value for these air spaces. In such cases where R-value is assigned this may decrease the R-value requirement for batt insulation.

Zone 5

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-22 or R-24⁴Batt Insulation	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-22 or R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-22 Batt Insulation	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®

Zone 6

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-50 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-22 or R-24⁴Batt Insulation	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-22 or R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-22 Batt Insulation	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®

Zone 7A

	Good	Better	Best
Ceiling Below Attics	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation	R-60 Batt or Blown Insulation
Cathedral Ceilings & Floors Over Unheated Spaces	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-31 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®
Walls Above Grade	R-22 or R-24⁴Batt Insulation	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5/7.5 CodeBord^®	R-22 or R-24 Batt Insulation + R-7.5/10 CodeBord^®
Foundation Walls	R-19 Batt Insulation + R-5 CodeBord^®	R-22 Batt Insulation + R-7.5 CodeBord^®	R-24 Batt Insulation + R-10 CodeBord^®

Common Types of Insulation

The most common types of insulation are fibreglass, cellulose and foam. These types of insulation are available in a number of different forms depending on the location and R-value you intend to add.

Fibreglass Insulation vs. Cellulose Insulation

Fibreglass and cellulose insulation have similar R-values but differ in certain ways depending on your installation location, climate and other factors.

Fibreglass Insulation

Fibreglass is fire-resistant and can be used in batts or as a blown-in insulation. It is generally the least expensive option when compared to cellulose. It can, however, lose some of its R-value when compressed or when installed in extreme cold situations. If installing in batts, be sure not to leave any gaps or holes as this can also reduce its effectiveness.

Cellulose Insulation

Cellulose insulation is a thick paper-based product and is always blow-in. Unlike fibreglass insulation, compression and degradation do not affect the R-value of cellulose and it is better in extreme cold situations. Because it is blown-in, Cellulose insulation is better at filling wall cavities, with less gaps and holes as a result. Cellulose is also considered to be a more environmentally friendly option.

A person adds blown insulation into an attic.

Blown-in Insulation/Loose Fill

Blown-in or loose fill insulation is usually made of fibreglass or cellulose (recycled paper fibre). It’s blown or sprayed into place with a machine and is ideal for use in hard-to-reach areas, such as attics. It can also be used to fill wall cavities or to top up existing insulation.

If installing blown-in insulation yourself, you can rent a blowing machine from a Home Depot Tool Rental Centre.

A person adds batt insulation into a wall.

Batts

Batts are pre-cut sections of fibreglass or rock wool insulation that are designed for easy handling and use between framing, such as studs and joists. They can be used in floors, walls, attics and ceilings.

Foam Board

Foam board insulation, or rigid panels of insulation, can be used to insulate almost any part of your home, from the roof to the foundation. Polystyrene (otherwise known as Styrofoam insulation) and polyurethane are the most common materials used in making foam board. Foam board insulation sheathing reduces heat conduction through structural elements like wood and steel studs.

Spray Foam

Latex or polyurethane spray foam insulation can be used to fill small gaps and cracks and is ideal for sealing around doors, windows and vents. It sets quickly, and can be trimmed, painted or stained. Special equipment may be needed to apply foam to larger areas.

Image of a roll of vapour barrier or housewrap against a white background.

Vapour Barriers

A vapour barrier is a type of plastic (polyethylene film) that is applied on top of the insulation inside stud-framed walls to help control the amount of moisture that passes through insulation. It’s also commonly used when framing the exterior walls of a house. If moisture from either direction is allowed to build up within the stud or cavity walls, the heat-conducting moisture will cause the insulation to lose its R-value and allow mould and rot to set in over time.

A coiled up radiant barrier against a white background.

Radiant Barriers

Radiant barriers deflect radiant heat, which can pass through other types of insulation to further increase your home’s energy efficiency.

Calculating the Costs of Insulation

1 Determine if Your Home Is Already Insulated
If you have insulation, find out the type and compare it to industry standards for R-value. Remember: The higher the R-value, the more effective the insulation.
2 Calculate Any Additional Insulation Needs
If, for example, industry standard is R-50 and your depth is less than this, subtract the R-value depth you have from 50 to determine the amount needed to top up.
3 Measure the Area Needing Insulation
Measure the length of space needing insulation. Batts of insulation generally come in 16- or 24-inch widths to fit the spaces between wall and attic framing.
4 Determine the Type of Insulation to Use
Decide what type of insulation you want to use. Manufacturers cut batts into 4-foot lengths. Once you determine which product to use, divide your total from Step 3 by the square footage per bag. Find the cost for insulation and multiply one unit by the total you need to complete the job.

Energy Rebates Are Now Available

Upgrade your home with new floor/wall insulation and you could be eligible for the following government rebates:

Floor and Exterior Wall Insulation Rebates

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $6,750 for exterior walls and up to $450 for exposed floors

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $7,800

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $6,500 for exterior walls and up to $550 for exposed floors

+
Up to $600 pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $7,650

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $5,000 for exterior walls and exposed floors

Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $5,600

Program; Rebate Provider

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Attic Insulation Rebates

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $2,350

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,950

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $2,550

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $3,150

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $1,800

Up to $600 for EnerGuide pre- and post-retrofit home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,400

Program; Rebate Provider

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Foundation Insulation Rebates

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $2,000 for basements & crawl spaces +
Up to $600 for pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,600

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available	Up to $2,700 for basements & crawl spaces + Up to $600 pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation
Total Government Rebates Available	Up to $3,330
Program; Rebate Provider	Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $1,500 for basements and crawlspaces

Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,100

Program; Rebate Provider

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Floor and Exterior Wall Insulation Rebates

Province	Ontario	Nova Scotia	Rest of Canada
Energy Government Rebates Available	Up to $6,750 for exterior walls and up to $450 for exposed floors + Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $6,500 for exterior walls and up to $550 for exposed floors + Up to $600 pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $5,000 for exterior walls and exposed floors + Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations
Total Government Rebates Available	Up to $7,800	Up to $7,650	Up to $5,600
Program; Rebate Provider	Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+); Enbridge Gas And/or Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada	Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada	Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Province

Ontario

Nova Scotia

Rest of Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $6,750 for exterior walls and up to $450 for exposed floors

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $6,500 for exterior walls and up to $550 for exposed floors

+
Up to $600 pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $5,000 for exterior walls and exposed floors

Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $7,800

Up to $7,650

Up to $5,600

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Find out how you can save! Learn More

Attic Insulation Rebates

Province	Ontario	Nova Scotia	Rest of Canada
Energy Government Rebates Available	Up to $2,350 + Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $2,550 + Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $1,800 + Up to $600 for EnerGuide pre- and post-retrofit home evaluation
Total Government Rebates Available	Up to $2,950	Up to $3,150	Up to $2,400
Program; Rebate Provider	Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+); Enbridge Gas And/or Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada	Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada	Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Province

Ontario

Nova Scotia

Rest of Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $2,350

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $2,550

+
Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $1,800

Up to $600 for EnerGuide pre- and post-retrofit home evaluation

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,950

Up to $3,150

Up to $2,400

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Find out how you can save! Learn More

Foundation Insulation Rebates

Province	Ontario	Nova Scotia	Rest of Canada
Energy Government Rebates Available	Up to $2,000 for basements & crawl spaces + Up to $600 for pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $2,700 for basements & crawl spaces + Up to $600 pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation	Up to $1,500 for basements and crawlspaces + Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations
Total Government Rebates Available	Up to $2,600	Up to $3,330	Up to $2,100
Program; Rebate Provider	Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+); Enbridge Gas And/or Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada	Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada	Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Province

Ontario

Nova Scotia

Rest of Canada

Energy Government Rebates Available

Up to $2,000 for basements & crawl spaces +
Up to $600 for pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $2,700 for basements & crawl spaces +
Up to $600 pre- & post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluation

Up to $1,500 for basements and crawlspaces

Up to $600 for pre- and post-retrofit EnerGuide home evaluations

Total Government
Rebates Available

Up to $2,600

Up to $3,330

Up to $2,100

Program; Rebate Provider

Home Efficiency Rebate Plus (HER+);

Enbridge Gas

And/or

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Home Energy Assessment (HEA); Efficiency Nova Scotia And Natural Resources Canada

Canada Greener Homes Grant; Natural Resources Canada

Find out how you can save! Learn More

Other Areas to Insulate

Window Insulation	Another way to control heat loss is by improving the quality of your windows. Low emissivity (or Low-E) windows do not allow as much heat to pass through, keeping your house cooler when it’s hot and warmer when it’s cold. Shrink film and weatherstripping are low-cost alternatives. You can also consider a window insulation film to keep heat out.
Hot Water Heater Insulation	Insulate water heaters to prevent costly energy loss. Look for insulating pre-cut jackets or blankets with an insulating value of at least R-8. Adding insulation to your water heater can reduce standby heat losses and save you water heating costs.
Hot Water Pipe Insulation	Wrap pipes with tubular insulation to prevent freezing and help keep water hot. Use quality pipe insulation wrap, or neatly tape strips of fibreglass insulation around the pipes. Insulating your hot water pipes reduces heat loss and can raise water temperature, allowing you to use a lower temperature setting.
Vent Duct Insulation	Insulated heating and air conditioning ducts operate more efficiently and vibrate less, reducing noise. Properly sealing air leaks using metal or sealant tape and insulating air ducts located in unconditioned spaces such as attics, crawl spaces, garages, or unfinished basements can also help improve your home’s energy efficiency.

DIY Installation Tips and Tools

Man installing batt insulation in between wall studs.

Before You Insulate

First, make sure that your house is properly ventilated. Adequate ventilation is necessary to prevent too much heat and condensation from building up, as well as to provide fresh air. Next, plug leaks to prevent air from getting in and out in areas around windows and doors. Always fix leaks before installing insulation, as they may be difficult to find after the job is finished.

Tools

The basic tools needed for an insulation project are: a tape measure, utility knife, straight edge, lightweight stapler, or hammer tacker to secure insulation in place, and a putty knife. Additional materials may include a drywall compound and expanding foam sealer.

It’s also a great idea to bring a portable light, especially when working in attics and crawl spaces, plywood to stand on, a rake for insulation adjustment, and insulation supports. All these tools and materials will come in handy during your project.

Safety Tips:
Working with insulation can cause itching and skin irritation, so make sure you take proper safety precautions: Wear long sleeves and pants, work gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask or respirator to avoid irritating your skin or breathing in harmful substances. Vacuum your clothing immediately after to help reduce the chances of skin irritation.

Safety Tips:

Working with insulation can cause itching and skin irritation, so make sure you take proper safety precautions:

Wear long sleeves and pants, work gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask or respirator to avoid irritating your skin or breathing in harmful substances.
Vacuum your clothing immediately after to help reduce the chances of skin irritation.

Professional Installation

The Home Depot Home Services offers free in-home consultations in addition to several types of insulation options to help you choose the best solution for your home.

Learn More

Related Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

: R-value measures thermal resistance. The higher the number, the better the insulation performs. In Canada, choosing the right R-value is strictly tied to your Climate Zone (Zones 4–8). A home in Edmonton (Zone 7) requires a much higher R-value in the attic (often R-60) than a home in Windsor (Zone 4) to maintain energy efficiency and comfort.
: Common signs include high energy bills, drafty rooms, and uneven temperatures throughout the house. In winter, look for ice dams on your roof or interior walls that feel cold to the touch. If you can see your floor joists in the attic, you likely need a "top-up."
: Most provinces, including Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta, require a minimum of R-22 for above-ground framed walls. However, in British Columbia, targets can reach R-24 depending on the climate zone. For northern territories like the Yukon or Nunavut, exterior wall requirements are higher, typically ranging from R-22 to R-28 to combat extreme cold.
: Minimum requirements vary by local building codes and climate. In Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, the standard for ceilings below attics is R-60. Ontario also targets R-50 to R-60 depending on the specific SB-12 compliance package used for the build. British Columbia requirements range from R-50 to R-60, though this can increase significantly under the BC Energy Step Code guidelines.
: Unlike traditional materials, spray foam expands upon application to fill irregular crevices and small cracks. This creates an airtight and moisture-resistant seal, which is more effective at stopping drafts and preventing pests from entering than batts alone.
: Fibreglass is made of fine glass fibres and is available in batts or loose-fill; it is naturally fire-resistant and budget-friendly. Cellulose is made from recycled paper treated with fire retardants; it often has a higher R-value per inch than fibreglass and is better at filling tight gaps when blown in.
: The attic is the most critical area because heat rises and escapes through the roof, especially during cold Canadian winters. Other high-priority spots include exterior walls, basement foundation walls, and the "rim joists" where the house frame meets the foundation.
: For existing finished walls, blown-in is better because it can be installed through small holes without removing drywall. For new construction or "open-wall" renovations, batts are often preferred because they are easier to install manually between studs.
: Many homeowners DIY attic insulation by renting a blower. However, you should hire a professional if your attic has existing mold, moisture issues, or old "knob-and-tube" wiring, as these require specialized safety handling in Canada.
: High-density mineral wool batts (like Rockwool) or rigid foam boards (XPS) are top-rated for cathedral ceilings. These provide maximum R-value in the limited space available between the roof deck and the ceiling.
: You can rent these at Home Depot Tool Rental centres in your province. Note: The rental is often free for 24 hours if you purchase a minimum number of insulation bags (usually 10+).
: While a higher R-value is generally better, you should never compress insulation to fit more into a small space. Compressing a 6-inch batt into a 4-inch cavity actually reduces its R-value because you are squeezing out the trapped air pockets that do the actual insulating work.

Types of Insulation & R-Value Insulation Chart

How Does Insulation Work?

How to Select Insulation

What is Insulation R-Value?

Which R-Value is Right For Your Home?

Select

Notes:

Zone 4

Zone 5

Zone 6

Zone 7A

Notes:

Notes:

Zone 7A/7B

Notes:

Zone 7A/7B

Notes:

Zone 1

Zone 2

Notes:

Zone 1

Zone 2

Notes:

Zone 5

Zone 6

Zone 7A

Common Types of Insulation

Fibreglass Insulation vs. Cellulose Insulation

Fibreglass Insulation

Cellulose Insulation

Blown-in Insulation/Loose Fill

Batts

Foam Board

Spray Foam

Vapour Barriers

Radiant Barriers

Calculating the Costs of Insulation

1 1 Determine if Your Home Is Already Insulated

2 2 Calculate Any Additional Insulation Needs

3 3 Measure the Area Needing Insulation

4 4 Determine the Type of Insulation to Use

Floor and Exterior Wall Insulation Rebates

Select

Attic Insulation Rebates

Select

Foundation Insulation Rebates

Select

Floor and Exterior Wall Insulation Rebates

Attic Insulation Rebates

Foundation Insulation Rebates

Other Areas to Insulate

Window Insulation

Hot Water Heater Insulation

Hot Water Pipe Insulation

Vent Duct Insulation

DIY Installation Tips and Tools

Before You Insulate

Tools

Safety Tips:

Professional Installation

Related Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

1 Determine if Your Home Is Already Insulated

2 Calculate Any Additional Insulation Needs

3 Measure the Area Needing Insulation

4 Determine the Type of Insulation to Use